Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

55.8K
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
55.8K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

103.7K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
103.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mucin degradation by Akkermansia muciniphila promotes Alistipes-dependent tryptophan metabolism and Th17-driven autoimmunity.

Mucosal immunology·2026
Same author

Designing studies for post-treatment Lyme disease and other infection-associated chronic illnesses.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Special Edition: Therapeutic advances in multiple sclerosis.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·2025
Same author

Impact of sex on multiple sclerosis therapy.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·2025
Same author

How Do I Approach the Evaluation and Treatment of Early Lyme Disease?

NEJM evidence·2024
Same author

SARS-CoV-2 infection increases long-term multiple sclerosis disease activity and all-cause mortality in an underserved inner-city population.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice
05:44

Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K

What Can We Learn from Sex Differences in MS?

Patricia K Coyle1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex-based differences significantly impact multiple sclerosis (MS), a leading central nervous system disease in young adults. Understanding these sex differences offers new insights for MS management and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
gender issuesmultiple sclerosispregnancyreproductive counselingsex differences

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease
04:22

Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: May 20, 2024

1.1K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice
05:44

Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease
04:22

Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: May 20, 2024

1.1K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary acquired neurological disorder affecting young adults.
  • MS disproportionately affects females, indicating a significant role for sex-based factors.
  • Sex-based differences are increasingly recognized as crucial in understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of sex-based differences in multiple sclerosis research.
  • To explore how sex influences various aspects of MS.
  • To underscore the potential for sex-specific insights to advance MS management and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sex differences in MS.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data related to MS prevalence and incidence by sex.
  • Synthesis of research findings on biological and clinical sex-based variations in MS.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of MS as a female-predominant disease.
  • Identification of multiple disease aspects influenced by sex, including disease progression and treatment response.
  • Evidence suggesting distinct pathophysiological pathways influenced by sex.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of MS.
  • Investigating sex-based differences is essential for developing personalized treatment strategies.
  • Further research into sex-specific mechanisms can lead to improved guidelines and therapies for MS.