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Modelling Human Physiology on-Chip: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions
Sirjana Pun1, Li Cai Haney1, Riccardo Barrile1,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
Micromachines
|October 23, 2021
Summary
Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology and bioengineered tissues offer promising alternatives to animal testing for drug discovery. These advanced models more accurately predict human responses to drugs and environmental stimuli in vitro.
Area of Science:
- Bioengineering
- Biotechnology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Animal models have limitations in predicting human disease mechanisms and drug efficacy.
- Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology and bioengineered tissues are emerging as alternatives to animal testing.
- Advances in stem cells, organoids, and 3D bioprinting enhance biomimetic system development.
Purpose of the Study:
- Provide a historical perspective on bioengineering milestones.
- Introduce Organ-on-chip (OOC) and Microphysiological Systems (MPS).
- Discuss OOC fabrication, challenges, and applications, using the blood-brain barrier as an example.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical bioengineering advancements.
- Introduction to OOC and MPS concepts.
- Analysis of chip designs, microfabrication, and 3D bioprinting strategies.
Main Results:
- OOC and bioengineered tissues more accurately mimic human tissue structure and function in vitro.
- These systems enable improved prediction of human responses to drugs and environmental stimuli.
- Emerging 3D bioprinting strategies show potential for advanced MPS development.
Conclusions:
- OOC technology and bioengineered tissues represent significant progress in in vitro modeling.
- These systems offer a path towards more reliable drug development and precision medicine.
- Further development in 3D bioprinting will expand the capabilities of MPS for various applications.
