Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Solution-Phase Design of Emerging Nanomaterials.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Superferromagnetic Disk Particles for Magnetic Particle Imaging.

Small methods·2025

Same author

LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles produced by flame spray pyrolysis with crystallinity characteristics similar to commercial NMC particles.

RSC advances·2025

Same author

Alternative digestion strategy for Ti, Zr and Hf oxides: eliminating hydrofluoric acid.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications·2025

Same author

Aerosol Particle Diffusivity in the Free Molecule Regime.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Same author

Monitoring Lipolysis by Sensing Breath Acetone down to Parts-per-Billion.

Small science·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Acetone Sensing and Catalytic Conversion by Pd-Loaded SnO₂.

Pascal M Gschwend¹, Florian M Schenk¹, Alexander Gogos^2,3

¹Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 23, 2021

Summary

Adding palladium (Pd) to tin oxide (SnO2) enhances acetone gas sensors. Optimal performance for detecting acetone as a lipolysis marker occurs at low Pd levels and specific temperatures, around 200-262.5 °C.

Keywords:

breath sensor chemoresistive metal oxide n-type nanoparticles

More Related Videos

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Sensor Technology

Background:

Noble metal additives enhance metal oxide gas sensor performance.
Palladium (Pd) on tin oxide (SnO2) is a prominent combination.
Acetone detection via breath analysis is crucial for monitoring lipolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of varying palladium (Pd) quantities on nanostructured tin oxide (SnO2) gas sensors.
To determine the optimal operating temperature for acetone sensing.
To understand the relationship between Pd loading, operating temperature, and catalytic acetone oxidation.

Main Methods:

Photodeposition of different Pd quantities (0-3 mol%) onto nanostructured SnO2.
Evaluation of acetone sensing performance (sensitivity, response/recovery times) at various operating temperatures.
Analysis of catalytic oxidation of acetone using Pd-loaded SnO2 in a packed bed.

Main Results:

Pd addition can improve or degrade sensor performance based on loading and temperature.
Optimal Pd loading for acetone sensing is below 0.2 mol%.
Peak sensor performance is achieved at operating temperatures between 200-262.5 °C with approximately 50% acetone conversion.

Conclusions:

Optimized Pd loading and operating temperature are critical for effective acetone gas sensing.
Pd-loaded SnO2 sensors show promise for breath analysis applications.
Understanding the catalytic oxidation mechanism is key to sensor performance enhancement.