Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Genetic Engineering to Preclinical Safety: A Study on Recombinant Human Interferons.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

A Novel Microencapsulated Bovine Recombinant Interferon Tau Formulation for Luteolysis Modulation in Cattle.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

Bone microphysiological models for biomedical research.

Lab on a chip·2025
Same author

Superovulation of dairy cows using recombinant FSH (bscrFSH): Effect of the number of FSH applications on ovarian response, hormone profiles, and in vivo embryo production.

Theriogenology·2024
Same author

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Proliferation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Multilayer Nanocarrier for the Codelivery of Interferons: A Promising Strategy for Biocompatible and Long-Acting Antiviral Treatment.

Pharmaceutics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assembly and Purification of Prototype Foamy Virus Intasomes
10:20

Assembly and Purification of Prototype Foamy Virus Intasomes

Published on: March 19, 2018

5.7K

Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation.

Thelvia I Ramos1,2, Carlos A Villacis-Aguirre1, Nelson Santiago Vispo3

  • 1Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile.

Pharmaceutics
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Interferon (IFN) therapies face challenges with delivery and stability. This review summarizes encapsulation methods for IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
IFN-αIFN-βIFN-γPEGylationantiproliferativeantiviraldrug delivery systemencapsulate IFNsformulationimmunomodulatorinterferonsliposomesmicroparticlesnanoparticlespolymeric micelles

More Related Videos

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.6K
Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye
06:10

Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Published on: March 30, 2020

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assembly and Purification of Prototype Foamy Virus Intasomes
10:20

Assembly and Purification of Prototype Foamy Virus Intasomes

Published on: March 19, 2018

5.7K
Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.6K
Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye
06:10

Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Published on: March 30, 2020

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial cytokines for innate and adaptive immunity, acting as a first line of defense against pathogens and tumors.
  • Marketed for over 30 years, IFNs have diverse biological activities and significant therapeutic impact, with 22 approved formulations and ongoing clinical trials.
  • Challenges in IFN application include molecular size, degradation sensitivity, and rapid elimination, necessitating improved drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated summary of encapsulation strategies for IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ.
  • To analyze various encapsulation forms reported in scientific literature from 1996 to 2021.
  • To evaluate parameters including encapsulating matrix, administration route, target, and formulation advantages/disadvantages.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature on IFN encapsulation.
  • Analysis of published data on IFN formulations from 1996 to 2021.
  • Categorization of formulations based on encapsulating matrix, route, and target.

Main Results:

  • Numerous research groups have developed various IFN encapsulation formulations.
  • No encapsulated IFN formulation has yet been approved for human use.
  • Encapsulation aims to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations, reduce toxicity, and prolong circulation half-life.

Conclusions:

  • Encapsulation holds promise for overcoming IFN delivery challenges.
  • Further research and development are needed to bring encapsulated IFNs to clinical approval.
  • Optimized drug delivery systems are essential for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of interferons.