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Updated: Oct 15, 2025
Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
Published on: February 23, 2024
DABCO-Customized Nanoemulsions: Characterization, Cell Viability and Genotoxicity in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium and
Ana R Fernandes1,2,3,4,5, Tiago Dos Santos1,2, Pedro L Granja1,2
1i3s-Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Abstract:
Quaternary derivatives of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and of quinuclidine surfactants were used to develop oil-in-water nanoemulsions with the purpose of selecting the best long-term stable nanoemulsion for the ocular administration of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). The combination of the best physicochemical properties (i.e., mean droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, osmolality, viscoelastic properties, surface tension) was considered, together with the cell viability assays in ARPE-19 and HMC3 cell lines. Surfactants with cationic properties have been used to tailor the nanoemulsions' surface for site-specific delivery of drugs to the ocular structure for the delivery of TA. They are tailored for the eye because they have cationic properties that interact with the anionic surface of the eye.
