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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Measuring Volatile and Non-volatile Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Products
Published on: December 5, 2020
Occurrence of Fungicides in Vineyard and the Surrounding Environment
Meruyert Sergazina1,2, Lua Vazquez1, Maria Llompart1
1CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Abstract:
Seventeen fungicides were determined in different matrices from vineyard areas, including vine leaves, soils, grapes and water, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For leaf analysis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed evaluating different solvents. UAE was compared with other extraction techniques such as vortex extraction (VE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The performance of the UAE method was demonstrated on vine leaf samples and on other types of samples such as tea leaves, underlining its general suitability for leaf crops. As regards other matrices, soils were analyzed by UAE and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), grapes by UAE and waters by SPE using cork as the sorbent. The proposed method was applied to 17 grape leaf samples in which 14 of the target fungicides were detected at concentrations up to 1000 μg g-1. Furthermore, the diffusion and transport of fungicides was demonstrated not only in crops but also in environmental matrices.
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