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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
Choline Chloride-Based DES as Solvents/Catalysts/Chemical Donors in Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Rosa Amoroso1, Frank Hollmann2, Cristina Maccallini1
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Abstract:
DES are mixtures of two or more compounds, able to form liquids upon mixing, with lower freezing points when compared to the individual constituents (eutectic mixtures). This attitude is due to the specific hydrogen-bond interactions network between the components of the mixture. A notable characteristic of DES is the possibility to develop tailor-made mixtures by changing the components ratios or a limited water dilution, for special applications, making them attractive for pharmaceutical purposes. In this review, we focused our attention on application of ChCl-based DES in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. In this context, these eutectic mixtures can be used as solvents, solvents/catalysts, or as chemical donors and we explored some representative examples in recent literature of such applications.
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