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Mechanical Properties and a Constitutive Model of 3D-Printed Copper Powder-Filled PLA Material
Qing Ji1, Zhijun Wang1, Jianya Yi1
1College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Polymers
|October 23, 2021
Summary
The mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) and copper-filled PLA (PLA-Cu) were studied under static and dynamic loading. Increasing strain rates enhanced material strength, but PLA became brittle at higher rates.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Additive Manufacturing
Background:
- Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) offers broad applications, but material limitations persist.
- Understanding the mechanical behavior of 3D printed materials under various loading conditions is crucial for their wider adoption.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the static and dynamic mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and copper powder-filled PLA (PLA-Cu) at different strain rates.
- To analyze the fracture mechanisms and develop a constitutive model for PLA-Cu under dynamic loading.
Main Methods:
- Tensile and compression tests using a universal material testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for micro-morphology analysis.
- High-speed photography and development of a Zhu-Wang-Tang constitutive model.
Main Results:
- Yield stress and elastic modulus increased with strain rate for both PLA and PLA-Cu.
- PLA transitioned from ductile to brittle failure at a strain rate of 0.033 s⁻¹.
- PLA-Cu exhibited stress concentration at the PLA-copper interface, leading to lower toughness and explosive crushing under dynamic impact.
Conclusions:
- Dynamic loading significantly enhances material strength compared to quasi-static loading.
- The developed Zhu-Wang-Tang constitutive model accurately predicts PLA-Cu mechanical behavior at strains below 7%.
- Material selection and design must consider strain rate effects and filler-matrix interactions in 3D printed components.
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