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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Sphingolipids in Hematopoiesis: Exploring Their Role in Lineage Commitment.

Yasharah Raza1, Huda Salman2, Chiara Luberto3

  • 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Cells
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sphingolipids are crucial for cell functions and hematopoiesis. This review explores how sphingolipid metabolism influences hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into various blood cell types.

Keywords:
ceramideerythrocyteshematopoiesishematopoietic stem cellslineage commitmentlymphoid differentiationmegakaryocytesmyeloid differentiationsphingolipidssphingosine-1-phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sphingolipids and their metabolic pathways play multifaceted roles in cellular functions, including homeostasis, apoptosis, and differentiation.
  • A significant body of evidence highlights the critical functions of sphingolipids in hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the mechanisms linking sphingolipids to hematopoietic lineage commitment.
  • To discuss the evolving understanding of sphingolipid metabolism's role in defining hematopoietic cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating sphingolipid alterations in hematopoietic stem cells and lineage commitment.

Main Results:

  • Sphingolipid alterations can modulate lineage commitment from hematopoietic stem cells to megakaryocytic, erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells.
  • De novo sphingolipids regulate hematopoietic stem cell stemness, while other sphingolipids are implicated in terminal differentiation, such as thrombopoiesis.

Conclusions:

  • Sphingolipids are key regulators of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and lineage commitment.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in sphingolipid metabolism and hematopoietic cell development.