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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Michael Brown1, Thomas Baribeault1, Robert Bland1
1University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
This study enhanced anesthesia providers' ability to offer opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) for patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Training significantly improved knowledge and confidence in managing OUD patients, addressing a critical gap in care.
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