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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
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Perioperative Pain Management for Surgical Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Program Development Initiative.

Michael Brown1, Thomas Baribeault1, Robert Bland1

  • 1University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhanced anesthesia providers' ability to offer opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) for patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Training significantly improved knowledge and confidence in managing OUD patients, addressing a critical gap in care.

Keywords:
certified registered nurse anesthetistopioid free anesthesiaopioid use disordersimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising diagnosis of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) presents challenges in surgical anesthesia.
  • Increasing regulatory pressure necessitates the development of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) protocols.
  • Existing knowledge and training gaps exist among anesthesia providers for managing OUD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a training program initiative for providing OFA to patients with OUD.
  • To assess the impact of the training on nurse anesthetists' knowledge and confidence in delivering OFA.
  • To address the growing need for opioid-sparing anesthetic techniques in surgical patients with OUD.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase program initiative was designed and implemented.
  • Phase I involved needs assessment of Florida nurse anesthetists.
  • Phase II included didactic and simulation training across preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative domains, with data collection on knowledge and evidence-based practice implementation.

Main Results:

  • Post-simulation knowledge assessment scores significantly increased from a median of 9 to 11.
  • Median scores on the Evidence-Based Practice Belief Scale (EBPBS) improved from 66 to 76 (P = .002).
  • The Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Scale (EBPIS) also showed improvement, indicating enhanced perceived ability to implement OFA.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesia providers often lack adequate knowledge and training for managing patients with OUD.
  • The developed training program effectively increased anesthesia providers' perceived ability to deliver OFA to OUD patients.
  • This initiative represents a crucial step in improving surgical care for the growing OUD population.