India's Policy and Program Landscape for Early Childhood Development

Despite continuous improvement in health and nutrition-related child outcomes in India in the last decade, sub-optimal developmental outcomes still prevail due to multiple risk factors. Overcoming these risks depends on a supportive policy environment and implementation across relevant sectors to achieve universal coverage for all children and their families, especially those at-risk and those already affected by developmental disorders/disability. Several national policies articulate the multi-dimensional and multisectoral vision for achieving early childhood development (ECD), focusing on the first 1000 days and reaching the most vulnerable children. The enactment of various 'Acts' entitles children to their right to nutrition, safety, and security. Flagship programs of various Ministries translate this vision into action through various schemes that provide services in each of the five domains of nurturing care. Public spending is the largest source of funding for ECD programs while Corporate Social Responsibility is emerging as a promising funding opportunity. Ensuring effective implementation of ECD by developing a shared framework for implementation across sectors, establishing a robust governance mechanism, and sustainable financing strategies for universal access is the recommended way forward.