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Sarcopenia: imaging assessment and clinical application.

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  • 1Clinica di Radiologia EOC IIMSI, Lugano, Switzerland.

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Sarcopenia, a muscle disorder, is linked to adverse outcomes in the elderly and cancer patients. Imaging techniques can diagnose sarcopenia and predict patient prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder defined by reduced muscle mass and strength.
  • It is associated with adverse outcomes like falls, fractures, disability, and mortality, especially in the elderly.
  • Muscle mass reduction is an unfavorable predictive factor in cancer patients, impacting surgical outcomes and treatment tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical implications of sarcopenia.
  • To discuss how sarcopenia is assessed using various imaging modalities.
  • To explore future perspectives in the imaging of sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical literature and imaging techniques for sarcopenia assessment.
  • Discussion of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), CT, MRI, and US.
  • Analysis of sarcopenia as an imaging biomarker for clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Sarcopenia significantly impacts patient outcomes, including postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality.
  • Imaging modalities provide quantitative measures of muscle mass and quality for sarcopenia diagnosis.
  • Sarcopenia's role as a predictive biomarker in oncology and geriatrics is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is a critical condition with significant clinical implications, particularly in elderly and cancer patients.
  • Various imaging techniques are available for diagnosing and assessing sarcopenia.
  • Further research into advanced imaging techniques holds promise for improved sarcopenia management and prediction.