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Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

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The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Design and Analysis of Temperature Preference Behavior and its Circadian Rhythm in Drosophila
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A forebrain neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation.

Sieun Jung1, Myungsun Lee2, Dong-Yoon Kim1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.

Neuron
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified specific neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHVgat neurons) essential for regulating body temperature. These neurons encode thermal rewards and punishments, crucial for thermoregulatory behaviors.

Keywords:
behavioral thermoregulationlateral hypothalamusmotivated behaviorparabrachial nucleusreward and punishmentthermal homeostasisthermal rewardthermoregulatory behaviortwo-photon calcium imagingvesicular GABA transporter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Thermoregulatory behavior is vital for maintaining body temperature homeostasis.
  • A specific forebrain region or neural population for thermoregulation remains unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the neural substrates required for thermoregulatory behaviors.
  • To investigate the role of lateral hypothalamus Vgat-expressing neurons (LHVgat neurons) in thermoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic manipulation to target Vgat-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus.
  • Recorded population activity and performed two-photon calcium imaging.
  • Inhibited parabrachial inputs to the lateral hypothalamus.

Main Results:

  • LHVgat neurons are essential for diverse thermoregulatory behaviors.
  • LHVgat neuron activity increases during thermoregulation and encodes thermal punishment and reward (P&R).
  • A distinct subpopulation of LHVgat neurons encodes thermal P&R, separate from those encoding caloric reward.

Conclusions:

  • LHVgat neurons represent a critical neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation.
  • The thermal P&R-encoding subpopulation of LHVgat neurons plays a key role in thermoregulatory behavior.