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Function of the P2X7 receptor in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis

Xiaoxiao He1, Yaping Zhang1, Yilu Xu1

  • 1Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Experimental Hematology
|October 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its P2X7 receptor are crucial in normal blood cell development and leukemia. Increased ATP in the bone marrow niche impacts acute myeloid leukemia cell fate, suggesting P2X7 receptor as a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and inflammation.
  • The P2X7 receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel, exhibits cytotoxic activity but also influences cancer growth and immune regulation.
  • P2X7 receptor is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and their lineages, playing roles in physiological and pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the biological functions of the P2X7 receptor in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
  • To investigate the role of ATP-P2X7 signaling in the leukemic bone marrow niche.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on P2X7 receptor functions.
  • Analysis of ATP levels in leukemic bone marrow niches.
  • Assessment of P2X7 receptor expression and signaling in leukemia-initiating cells.

Main Results:

  • ATP levels are significantly elevated in the leukemic bone marrow niche.
  • Leukemia-initiating cell fates in acute myeloid leukemia are regulated by P2X7 receptor expression and ATP-P2X7 signaling.
  • P2X7 receptor is essential for normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The P2X7 receptor plays a critical role in both normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
  • The P2X7 receptor may serve as a biomarker for hematological malignancies within bone marrow niches.
  • P2X7 receptor antagonists show potential as adjunct therapies for leukemia treatment.

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