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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

Published on: January 3, 2025

'Systems approach' plant breeding illustrated by trees.

Lars Graudal¹, Ian K Dawson², Iago Hale³

¹World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

Trends in Plant Science

|October 24, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new

Keywords:

linked breeding methods planetary boundaries systems-based genetic improvement tree diversity breeding wicked problems

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Area of Science:

Plant breeding
Agricultural science
Forestry

Background:

Existing plant breeding methods can be integrated into a systems approach.
Global trends and values necessitate innovative solutions for production challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and illustrate a 'systems approach' to plant breeding.
To develop and define 'tree diversity breeding' as a novel strategy.
To demonstrate the application of this approach to tree species.

Main Methods:

Integrating existing plant breeding methods creatively.
Applying a systems approach to diverse tree species.
Considering trends in participation, environment, biotechnology, and markets.

Main Results:

The 'tree diversity breeding' strategy effectively addresses complex production challenges.
The approach leverages the extensive diversity of tree features, uses, and contexts.
The strategy is adaptable for broader plant breeding applications.

Conclusions:

A systems approach, exemplified by 'tree diversity breeding', offers a powerful framework for addressing global challenges.
Strategic use of biodiversity is key to effective plant breeding.
This integrated strategy enhances responsiveness to diverse global trends and values.