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Titaniumdioxide mediated sonophotodynamic therapy against prostate cancer
Mehran Aksel1, Ömer Kesmez2, Adem Yavaş3
1Department of Biophysics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Abstract:
In this study, we aimed to investigate of antitumor efficiency of titanium dioxide mediated photodynamic (PDT), sonodynamic (SDT), and sonophotodynamic (SPDT) therapies with a possible mechanism against the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. SPDT is a new approach to cancer treatment that combines sonodynamic and photodynamic therapies. On the other hand, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been used in many applications in pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, industrial products, and medicines. TiO2 nanoparticles will be useful for the treatment of cancer with PDT and SDT as the sensitizers in medicine. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles were used for an in vitro comparison between the PDT, SDT, SPDT damages on prostate cancer cell lines. For this purpose, the cells were incubated in RPMI-1640 media with various concentrations of TiO2 and subjected to 0,5 W/cm2 ultrasound and/or 0,5 mJ/cm2 light irradiation. The prostate cancer cells were irradiated with light and exposed with the US and both for SPDT in the presence and/or absence of TiO2. Cell viability was measured using by MTT test after treatments. Investigate to apoptosis mechanism, Propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 staining were used and the results showed that apoptotic cell bodies were increased compared with other groups. According to western blot analyses, caspase-3, caspase-8, PARP, and Bax levels were decreased after treatments, whereas the expression levels of caspase-9 were increased. Biochemical results showed that after treatments MDA levels were increased while SOD, CAT, GSH levels were decreased. In conclusion, TiO2-mediated SPDT may provide a promising approach for prostate cancer therapy and might play a key role in the apoptotic mechanism of these treatments.
Insights
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles show promise for treating prostate cancer using sonophotodynamic therapy (SPDT). This novel approach, combining ultrasound and light, effectively induces cancer cell death via apoptosis.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are utilized in various industries and have potential as sensitizers for cancer therapies.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are emerging cancer treatment modalities.
- Sonophotodynamic therapy (SPDT) synergistically combines PDT and SDT for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antitumor efficiency of TiO2-mediated PDT, SDT, and SPDT against PC3 prostate cancer cells.
- To compare the in vitro efficacy of PDT, SDT, and SPDT using TiO2 nanoparticles.
- To elucidate the apoptotic mechanisms underlying TiO2-mediated SPDT.
Main Methods:
- PC3 prostate cancer cells were incubated with varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles.
- Cells were subjected to ultrasound (US) and/or light irradiation (0.5 W/cm2 and 0.5 mJ/cm2, respectively).
- Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay; apoptosis was analyzed via Propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 staining and Western blot analysis for apoptosis-related proteins (caspases, PARP, Bax). Oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) were also evaluated.
Main Results:
- TiO2-mediated SPDT significantly reduced PC3 cell viability compared to PDT and SDT alone.
- SPDT treatment led to increased apoptotic bodies and altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including increased caspase-9 and decreased caspase-3, caspase-8, PARP, and Bax.
- Biochemical analysis indicated increased MDA levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH levels post-treatment, suggesting oxidative stress induction.
Conclusions:
- TiO2-mediated SPDT demonstrates significant potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
- SPDT induces cancer cell death primarily through the induction of apoptosis.
- TiO2 nanoparticles serve as effective sensitizers for SPDT, highlighting their role in enhancing cancer therapy.
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