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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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[IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS]

Matan Fischer1,2, Shoshana Amos2, Ludmilla Levy3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Harefuah
|October 24, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause rare but severe diabetes (ICI-DM). Early recognition and management of ICI-DM are crucial for preventing life-threatening complications in cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy, offering new hope for advanced malignancies.
  • However, ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect various organ systems.

Observation:

  • ICI-induced diabetes (ICI-DM) is a rare but serious complication, occurring in approximately 1% of patients treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.
  • Patients with ICI-DM often present with severe hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, necessitating urgent medical attention.

Findings:

  • This report details two cases of rapid-onset diabetes mellitus following anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • A comprehensive literature review on ICI-DM, covering clinical presentation, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies, is provided.

Implications:

  • As ICI utilization expands across diverse cancers, heightened clinical awareness of ICI-DM is essential.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of ICI-DM can mitigate significant patient morbidity and mortality.

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