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Adversarial Argument, Belief Change, and Vulnerability.

Moira Howes1, Catherine Hundleby2

  • 1Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.

Topoi : an International Review of Philosophy
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Argumentation can be risky, but focusing on vulnerability, not just adversariality, reveals opportunities. Understanding diverse arguer intentions and audience agency offers a more complete view of argument's impact.

Keywords:
AdversarialityArgumentAudienceBelief involuntarismDoxastic involuntarismPersuasionSpeech actVulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • * Argumentation Studies
  • * Rhetorical Theory
  • * Social Psychology

Background:

  • * Traditional views frame argumentation as inherently adversarial due to involuntary belief change.
  • * Alternative approaches like invitational rhetoric emerged to counter this adversarial framing.
  • * Existing models often overlook crucial aspects of the argumentation process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To challenge the overemphasis on involuntary belief change in argumentation theory.
  • * To introduce a more holistic framework for understanding argument by focusing on vulnerability.
  • * To explore the dimensions of arguer intentions, audience agency, and the benefits of belief change.

Main Methods:

  • * Conceptual analysis of existing argumentation theories.
  • * Critique of the belief involuntarism perspective.
  • * Development of a vulnerability-centered model of argumentation.

Main Results:

  • * The adversarial nature of argument is not solely due to involuntary belief change.
  • * Argumentation involves diverse arguer intentions and significant audience agency.
  • * Belief change can offer benefits, not just risks, in argumentative contexts.
  • * Vulnerability in argumentation encompasses more than just intellectual force.

Conclusions:

  • * A shift from adversariality to vulnerability provides a richer understanding of argument.
  • * Recognizing vulnerability highlights potential strengths and opportunities within argumentation.
  • * This reconceptualization moves beyond a narrow focus on risk to a broader perspective on argument's complex impacts.