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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Labeling Emotion01:20

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Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
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Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

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Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
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Empathy02:34

Empathy

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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

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Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Emotion Words in Early Childhood: A Language Transcript Analysis.

Marissa Ogren1, Catherine M Sandhofer1

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles.

Cognitive Development
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mothers

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Child Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Children learn complex emotion categories early in development.
  • Language, specifically emotion words, may facilitate this learning process.
  • Understanding early emotion language is crucial for developmental theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the language children hear and produce during emotion category learning.
  • To analyze developmental trends in children's emotion word usage.
  • To identify predictors of children's emotion language production.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of approximately 2,000 child language transcripts from the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES).
  • Inclusion of data from 179 children aged 15 to 47 months.
Keywords:
Emotiondevelopmentlanguagesocial cognitiontranscript analysis

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  • Examination of mothers' and children's emotion word production and language complexity.

    • Main Results:

    • Child emotion word production was significantly predicted by mothers' emotion word production (β=.21, p<.001).
    • Neither child nor mother language complexity predicted child emotion word production (p=.690; p=.872).
    • Descriptive data on specific emotion word frequencies and developmental trends were provided.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal emotion word use is a key factor in children's early emotion language development.
    • Language complexity does not appear to be a primary driver of early emotion word production.
    • Findings enhance understanding of children's linguistic emotional environments and inform developmental psychology.