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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Precision spectroscopy of atomic helium.

Yu R Sun1, Shui-Ming Hu1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

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Precision spectroscopy of helium atoms is advancing the determination of fundamental constants like the fine-structure constant (α). This research aims for high accuracy to test quantum electrodynamics and resolve the proton radius puzzle.

Keywords:
fine-structure constanthelium, quantum electrodynamicsnuclear charge radiusprecision spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Helium serves as a fundamental three-body system for quantum mechanics development.
  • The 23P state fine-structure splitting in helium is crucial for determining the fine-structure constant (α).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in precision spectroscopy of helium.
  • To highlight discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results in helium spectroscopy.
  • To provide an outlook on future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • High-precision laser spectroscopy of helium.
  • Theoretical calculations of helium energy levels.
  • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Ongoing efforts aim to determine the fine-structure constant (α) with parts-per-billion accuracy.
  • Precision spectroscopy of helium contributes to determining the nuclear charge radius.
  • Discrepancies between theory and experiment in helium spectroscopy are being investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Helium precision spectroscopy is vital for testing quantum electrodynamics (QED) and verifying fundamental constants.
  • This research is expected to contribute to resolving the 'proton radius puzzle'.
  • Continued theoretical and experimental efforts are crucial for future progress.