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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

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In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

225
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

1.1K
The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Flow units as dynamic defects in metallic glassy materials.

Zheng Wang1, Wei-Hua Wang1

  • 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

National Science Review
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic defects, termed flow units, are key to understanding metallic glass (MG) mechanical properties. Tailoring these flow units offers a pathway for designing advanced MG materials.

Keywords:
flowflow unitglass transitionmechanical deformationmetallic glassproperty optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Crystalline materials have well-defined structural defects (dislocations, twins) influencing properties.
  • Metallic glasses (MGs) lack long-range order, making their deformation mechanisms challenging to define.
  • Identifying analogous 'defects' in MGs is crucial for understanding their unique mechanical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on dynamic defects in metallic glasses, focusing on the 'flow unit' model.
  • To elucidate the characteristics, activation, and evolution of flow units.
  • To explore the relationship between flow units and mechanical properties of MGs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of state-of-the-art studies on dynamic defects in metallic glasses.
  • Analysis of the flow unit model from an atomistic perspective.
  • Discussion of experimental and theoretical approaches to studying flow units.

Main Results:

  • Flow units are proposed as the fundamental entities responsible for atomic flow and deformation in MGs.
  • The characteristics, activation, and evolution of flow units are intrinsically linked to plasticity, strength, and fracture.
  • Tailoring flow units through thermal, mechanical, or high-pressure treatments can optimize MG properties.

Conclusions:

  • Flow units serve as the metallic glass equivalent of structural defects in crystalline materials.
  • Understanding and manipulating flow units is essential for the rational design and application of metallic glasses.
  • Further research is needed to address open questions regarding the flow unit model and its predictive power.