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A global-scale multidecadal variability driven by Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.

Young-Min Yang1, Soon-Il An2, Bin Wang1

  • 1Department of Atmospheric Science, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters and Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

National Science Review
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) drives global sea-surface temperature variability (GMV) by influencing Pacific Ocean temperatures through atmospheric teleconnections. This suggests the Atlantic plays a key role in global climate patterns.

Keywords:
Atlantic multidecadal oscillationatmospheric teleconnectionglobal-scale multidecadal variabilityinterdecadal Pacific oscillation

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Oceanography
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Global-scale multidecadal variability (GMV) in sea-surface temperature (SST) is observed, with patterns similar to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO).
  • These oscillations significantly influence global precipitation and temperature patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the driving mechanisms behind GMV, specifically the potential role of the AMO.
  • To understand the teleconnections and atmosphere-ocean coupling processes linking AMO and GMV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of observational data to identify correlations between AMO and GMV.
  • Utilization of a climate model with pacemaker experiments, driven by observed AMO signals.
  • Testing the impact of Pacific SST on AMO by prescribing only Pacific data in the model.

Main Results:

  • A strong negative correlation was found between AMO and GMV, with AMO leading by 4-8 years.
  • AMO-induced warm SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic caused cooling in the equatorial Pacific via atmospheric teleconnections.
  • Upper-ocean dynamics had a minor role in GMV formation but contributed to a delayed IPO response to AMO forcing.
  • Prescribing only Pacific SST did not reproduce the observed AMO-GMV phase relationship.

Conclusions:

  • The Atlantic Ocean is a key driver of global multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability.
  • Atmospheric teleconnections and ocean-atmosphere coupling are crucial mechanisms linking the AMO to GMV.
  • The IPO's response to AMO forcing is influenced by upper-ocean dynamics, leading to a delayed effect.