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Social Jetlag and Cardiometabolic Risk in Preadolescent Children

Nicholas Castro1, Jake Diana2, Jade Blackwell2

  • 1School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Social jetlag (SJL), the difference between sleep schedules on free and school days, is linked to childhood cardiometabolic disease risk. This sleep timing issue, not duration or disturbances, impacts vascular health and cholesterol in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Sleep Science
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Childhood cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk is a growing concern.
  • Short sleep duration is linked to CMD, but other sleep aspects require investigation.
  • Social jetlag (SJL), or circadian misalignment, is a potential factor in childhood CMD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between childhood CMD risk and sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and SJL.
  • To identify underlying CMD risk factors in children.
  • To determine if SJL is a significant predictor of CMD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 332 children aged 8-10 years.
  • Measured sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and SJL (weekend vs. weekday sleep midpoint variation).
  • Assessed 11 cardiometabolic biomarkers and used factor analysis to identify CMD risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, vascular health, carbohydrate metabolism).

Main Results:

  • Four CMD risk factors were identified: blood pressure, cholesterol, vascular health, and carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Sleep duration and sleep disturbances were not significantly associated with any CMD risk factors after confounder adjustment.
  • Social jetlag (SJL) showed significant associations with vascular health (p=0.027) and cholesterol (p=0.025).

Conclusions:

  • Social jetlag (SJL) is significantly associated with specific cardiometabolic disease risk factors in children.
  • SJL may represent a modifiable public health target to mitigate negative CMD trajectories.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms linking SJL and childhood CMD.

Keywords:
activity behaviorcircadian clockmetabolicsleep durationsocial clocksocial jetlag (SJL)vascular

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