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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

977
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

750
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Optimizing CARs for ocular delivery.

Anandani Nellan1,2, Terry J Fry3,4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Nature Cancer
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows a new way to treat retinoblastoma, a type of eye cancer. Genetically engineered T cells delivered in a hydrogel effectively eliminated tumors in mice without harming the eye.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma treatment often compromises vision.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to preserve sight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of subretinal delivery of engineered T cells for retinoblastoma treatment.
  • To assess the potential for vision preservation with this novel approach.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered T cells secreting IL-15 and expressing a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor were developed.
  • These T cells were delivered via a hydrogel to the subretinal space in immunocompromised mice with retinoblastoma.
  • Tumor control and retinal damage were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Complete control of retinoblastoma was achieved in all treated mice.
  • No obvious damage to the surrounding retinal tissue was observed.
  • This indicates a high degree of ocular tissue tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Subretinal delivery of GD2-targeted, IL-15 secreting CAR T cells is a promising strategy for retinoblastoma.
  • This approach offers potential for effective tumor eradication while preserving vision.