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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
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The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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Stone Heart.

Estefania De Garate1,2,3, Anna Baritussio1, Alessandra Scatteia1

  • 1Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.

JACC. Case Reports
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study details a rare case of infiltrative cardiomyopathy, identified by multiple low-signal myocardial lesions suggesting nodular calcifications. Multimodality imaging and clinical history were key to diagnosing this uncommon cardiac condition.

Keywords:
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonanceCT, computed tomographyLV, left ventricularcalcificationcardiac magnetic resonancecardiomyopathycomputed tomographyimagingmyocardial infiltration

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Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Infiltrative cardiomyopathy presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Nodular calcifications are an uncommon finding in myocardial tissue.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on integrated clinical and imaging data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of infiltrative cardiomyopathy.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of multimodality imaging.
  • To describe myocardial lesions consistent with nodular calcifications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective clinical history review.
  • Multimodality imaging techniques (e.g., MRI, CT, echocardiography).
  • Pathological correlation if available.

Main Results:

  • Identification of multiple low-signal myocardial lesions on imaging.
  • Lesions characterized as consistent with nodular calcifications.
  • Final diagnosis of infiltrative cardiomyopathy confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodality imaging is crucial for diagnosing rare cardiomyopathies.
  • Nodular calcifications can manifest as low-signal myocardial lesions.
  • A comprehensive approach combining imaging and clinical data is essential.