Removable Denture Wearing as a Risk Predictor for Pneumonia Incidence and Time to Event in Older Adults

Older adults are more susceptible to a common respiratory infection: pneumonia. Nearly 1 million older adults per year are hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in the United States.

To examine whether wearing removable dentures are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia incidence in a geriatric population.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients >65 y of age within a large academic health system (University of Rochester Medical Center). The medical and dental electronic records from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed and used for data collection. The exposure was removable denture wearing. The main outcome variables were the incidence of pneumonia and time to event of pneumonia. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between pneumonia onset and wearing removable dentures, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and medical and dental conditions.

A total of 2,364 patients were included, with 1,189 (50.29%) in the denture-wearing group and 1,175 (49.70%) in the non-denture wearing group. The annual pneumonia incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 1,191 in the denture-wearing group and 128 per 100,000 persons in the non-denture wearing group, with a crude incidence rate ratio of 9.33 (95% CI, 5.41 to 18.81; P < 0.0001). The mean ± SD age of the pneumonia onset was 78.0 ± 10.0 and 78.6 ± 9.0 y among denture-wearing and nonwearing groups (P = 0.84). The time to event of pneumonia was associated with removable denture wearing (yes/no; hazard ratio, 7.68 [95% CI, 3.91 to 15.08]; P < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates.

Wearing removable dentures was found to be a risk predictor for pneumonia incidence among the geriatric population even after accounting for other risk factors.

Wearing removable dentures was found to be a risk predictor of pneumonia incidence among older adults. Although the current study does not imply a causal relationship between denture wearing and pneumonia, clinicians and older patients could reference the study results when choosing dental prostheses to restore missing teeth.