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COVID-19 in children. II: Pathogenesis, disease spectrum and management

Annaleise R Howard-Jones1,2, David P Burgner3,4,5, Nigel W Crawford4,5,6

  • 1Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|October 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 in children is typically mild, but post-infectious conditions like PIMS-TS and long COVID present complex challenges. Prioritizing pediatric research is crucial due to differing impacts and manifestations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected children globally.
  • Existing research predominantly focuses on adult SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • Pediatric manifestations and impacts of COVID-19 require specific attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, immune response, clinical presentation, and treatment of COVID-19 in children.
  • To summarize current data on SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric populations, including variants of concern.
  • To highlight the need for dedicated research on pediatric COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on pediatric COVID-19.
  • Analysis of data concerning acute infection, PIMS-TS, and long COVID in children.
  • Synthesis of information on immune responses and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally mild in children.
  • Post-infectious syndromes, such as PIMS-TS and pediatric long COVID, are more complex.
  • Significant differences exist in clinical presentation and impact compared to adults.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents unique challenges in children, distinct from adults.
  • Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and long COVID require further investigation.
  • Prioritizing research specifically on pediatric COVID-19 is essential for effective management and public health strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19PIMS-TSSARS-CoV-2managementvirology

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