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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Tunable Chemical Disorder in Concentrated Alloys: Defect Physics and Radiation Performance.

Yanwen Zhang1,2, Yuri N Osetsky1, William J Weber2

  • 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

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|October 25, 2021
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Advanced concentrated solid-solution alloys (CSAs) offer tunable properties for extreme environments. Their chemical disorder, unlike dilute alloys, enhances radiation tolerance and strength by modifying electronic and atomic scattering pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Metallurgy

Background:

  • Advanced structural alloys are crucial for nuclear reactor performance in extreme environments.
  • Traditional alloy development focused on dilute alloys or nanoscale features.
  • Multicomponent concentrated solid-solution alloys (CSAs) offer expanded compositional space and tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synergistic effects in transition metal-based CSAs.
  • To explore how chemical disorder influences alloy properties.
  • To advance understanding of radiation damage mitigation and strength-ductility trade-offs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on concentrated solid-solution alloys.
  • Analysis of electronic and atomic subsystem interactions.
  • Exploitation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium defect processes.

Main Results:

  • CSAs exhibit tunable chemical disorder, distinct from dilute alloys.
  • Tunable electronic structure and chemical complexity modify energy dissipation and transport.
  • Chemical disorder's level depends on specific elements, not just quantity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CSAs' energy dissipation, deformation tolerance, and stability is key.
  • Tunable chemical disorder in CSAs can mitigate radiation damage and control material response.
  • CSAs provide design strategies to overcome strength-ductility trade-offs for structural alloys.