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ADAR Editing in Viruses: An Evolutionary Force to Reckon with.
Helen Piontkivska1,2,3, Benjamin Wales-McGrath1, Michael Miyamoto4
1Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Ohio, USA.
Genome Biology and Evolution
|October 25, 2021
Summary
Adenosine Deaminases that Act on RNA (ADARs) influence viral infections. Their effects on viral replication exist on a spectrum, determined by virus and host factors, impacting viral evolution and disease treatment.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Adenosine Deaminases that Act on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes involved in RNA editing, crucial for transcriptome and proteome diversity.
- ADAR editing impacts neural functions, autoimmunity, and innate immunity, with varied effects on viral infections.
- The role of ADARs in viral infections can be pro-viral or antiviral, influencing viral evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the role of ADAR editing across diverse viral groups.
- To propose a spectrum model for ADAR editing's effect on viral replication.
- To highlight the need for research into dynamic factors influencing virus-ADAR interactions and host-ADAR interactions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ADAR editing and viral infections.
- Analysis of ADAR editing's impact on viral replication across different virus types.
- Exploration of virus-ADAR and host-ADAR interaction dynamics.
Main Results:
- ADAR editing's effect on viral replication is proposed as a spectrum, not binary, influenced by virus- and host-specific factors.
- These effects can shift during infection.
- Virus-ADAR interactions can influence host-ADAR pathways, particularly those related to neural functions.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the spectrum of ADAR editing's role in viral infections is crucial for comprehending viral evolution.
- Further research is needed on dynamic factors affecting virus-ADAR interactions and their impact on host pathways.
- This knowledge is essential for developing strategies against viral diseases like SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords:
A-to-I editingRNA editingRNA virusesSARS-CoV-2Zika virusadenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) editingimmune responseinterferonviral molecular evolutionMore Related Videos
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