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Lower Statistical Support with Larger Data Sets: Insights from the Ochrophyta Radiation.

Arnaud Di Franco¹, Denis Baurain², Gernot Glöckner³

¹Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, UMR CNRS 5321, Moulis, France.

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|October 25, 2021

Summary

Phylogenetic studies show that more data doesn't always mean better evolutionary insights. Analyzing photosynthetic stramenopiles (Ochrophyta) revealed that smaller plastid data sets provided stronger support for evolutionary relationships than larger nuclear data sets.

Keywords:

long branch attraction model of sequence evolution phylogenetic signal phylogenomics radiations

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Phylogenetics
Genomics

Background:

Resolving evolutionary radiations is often approached by increasing sequence data.
The effectiveness of this strategy depends on phylogenetic signal quality and extraction efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of data set size and origin (mitochondrion, plastid, nucleus) on resolving the Ochrophyta evolutionary radiation.
To assess the efficacy of phylogenetic methods in extracting phylogenetic signal.

Main Methods:

Comparative phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear DNA sequences from Ochrophyta.
Evaluation of statistical support and phylogenetic signal across different data sets and taxon sampling.
Application of improved models of sequence evolution.

Main Results:

Statistical support for Ochrophyta relationships varied significantly across data types, with plastid data yielding higher support than larger nuclear data sets.
Phylogenetic signal quantity and extractability, not just data set size, influenced statistical support.
Conflicting results arose from varying taxon sampling, indicating limitations in current phylogenetic methods.

Conclusions:

Data set size alone does not guarantee resolution of evolutionary radiations.
The evolutionary rate and signal density in specific genomic regions (like plastid DNA) can be crucial for resolving rapid radiations.
Future research should focus on developing models and methods to better extract phylogenetic signal, especially from short internal branches.