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Diclofenac degradation based on shape-controlled cuprous oxide nanoparticles prepared by using ionic liquid.

Jialei Huang1, Yan Luo2

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
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Ionic liquid-assisted cuprous oxide nanoparticles efficiently degrade diclofenac in wastewater. This novel method enhances persulfate activation across a wide pH range, offering a stable solution for environmental remediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Persulfate oxidation is a wastewater treatment method with limitations including high energy use, side reactions, and narrow pH applicability.
  • Copper oxides show potential for efficient persulfate activation.
  • Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutical pollutant frequently found in water bodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for preparing shape-controlled cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic activity.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of Cu2O nanoparticles in activating persulfate for diclofenac degradation.
  • To explore the catalytic mechanism and stability of the Cu2O/persulfate system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of shape-controlled cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles using ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [BMIM]Br).
  • Degradation experiments of diclofenac (DCF) using the Cu2O/persulfate (PDS) system under various pH conditions.
  • Characterization of Cu2O nanoparticles using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • Mechanism investigation using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping and quenching experiments.

Main Results:

  • The addition of [BMIM]Br during Cu2O synthesis improved nanoparticle catalytic performance and diclofenac degradation rates.
  • Cu2O nanoparticles demonstrated good stability in consecutive cycling tests.
  • Diclofenac was efficiently degraded within a broad pH range (5-11) in the Cu2O/PDS system.
  • Quenching experiments indicated that persulfate activation primarily occurs on the Cu2O nanoparticle surface.

Conclusions:

  • Shape-controlled Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized with ionic liquid are highly effective catalysts for persulfate activation.
  • The Cu2O/PDS system offers a stable and efficient method for diclofenac degradation across a wide pH range.
  • This technology holds promise for in situ chemical oxidation applications in treating contaminated surface and groundwater.