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'Rich' and 'poor' in mentalizing: Do expert mentalizers exist?

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Expertise in mentalizing, the capacity to understand thoughts and feelings, was explored. Psychological Therapists showed higher self-mentalizing than controls, while individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder had lower capacities.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Mentalization theory explores the capacity to understand self and others' thoughts and feelings.
  • This capacity exists on a continuum from impairment to expertise.
  • Expertise in mentalizing may be particularly relevant for psychological therapists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if distinct groups (Psychological Therapists, Borderline Personality Disorder patients, general population controls) differ in mentalizing capacities.
  • To explore the continuum of mentalizing abilities across different populations.
  • To assess the utility of the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ18) in identifying expertise in mentalizing.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional design comparing three groups: Psychological Therapists (n=51), individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (n=43), and non-clinical controls (n=35).
  • Utilized self-report measures including an extended Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ18) for self- and other-mentalizing, alexithymia, and cognitive empathy.
  • Statistical analysis to compare group scores on mentalizing dimensions and related constructs.

Main Results:

  • Psychological Therapists scored higher on self-mentalizing than controls, and controls scored higher than individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder.
  • Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder exhibited significantly lower cognitive empathy compared to the other two groups.
  • No significant differences were found in other-mentalizing scores between groups using the RFQ18, contrary to predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ18) shows potential in identifying expertise in self-mentalizing.
  • Psychological Therapists and individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder display distinct patterns of self- and other-mentalizing impairment.
  • Findings have implications for understanding the effectiveness of psychological therapy and the skills of Psychological Therapists.