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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated to COVID-19 in pediatric population

Mariana Zamora-Ángeles1, Victoria Zamora-Ángeles1, Mariana Rodríguez-Flores1

  • 1Universidad Anáhuac México, Campus Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Programa Investiga.

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|October 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with COVID-19 may develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Pediatric innate immunity, driven by IgM and B cells, may explain the lower COVID-19 severity in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus generally presents with less severity in pediatric populations compared to adults.
  • An increase in pediatric COVID-19 cases has coincided with the emergence of a concerning multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
  • This syndrome presents a significant challenge in managing pediatric COVID-19 cases, with some fatalities reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome potentially linked to COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
  • To understand the characteristics and implications of this emerging syndrome in children.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of scientific literature was performed.
  • Searches were conducted in PubMed using terms: multisystem inflammatory syndrome, Kawasaki, children, and COVID-19.
  • The review period was from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020.

Main Results:

  • The review identified reports describing a multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children.
  • This syndrome has been linked to increased treatment complexity and mortality in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
  • Hypotheses suggest that robust pediatric innate immunity, including IgM responses and rapid B cell memory generation, may contribute to the observed lower incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a serious, potentially fatal complication of COVID-19 in children.
  • Pediatric immune system characteristics, particularly innate immunity, likely play a role in the distinct presentation of COVID-19 in this age group.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind this syndrome and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

Keywords:
ChildCoronavirus InfectionsImmune SystemPediatric Inflammatory Multisystemic SyndromeSARS-CoV-2

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