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Patterns of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary cardiac care centre

Beeresha Puttegowda1, Arun B Shivashankarappa1, Suvradip Dutta1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian Heart Journal
|October 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The most frequent cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 patients was acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Advanced age and specific biomarkers predict higher mortality risk in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 can significantly impact cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding cardiovascular disease (CVD) patterns in COVID-19 patients is crucial for management.
  • Tertiary cardiac care centers play a vital role in treating complex cardiovascular cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with COVID-19.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients with CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 511 adult COVID-19 patients with new or pre-existing CVDs.
  • Inclusion of data on clinical features, ECG, echocardiography, biomarkers, and laboratory parameters.
  • Analysis of in-hospital mortality and associated clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the most common CVD (50.7%), with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) being more frequent than non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS).
  • Possible myocarditis (10.1%) and rhythm/conduction abnormalities (28.2%) were also observed.
  • In-hospital mortality was 18.9%, associated with older age, elevated serum ferritin, D-dimer, NT-pro-BNP, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, lower hemoglobin, pre-existing CVDs, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, atrial fibrillation, and renal failure.

Conclusions:

  • Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the predominant cardiovascular disease manifestation in COVID-19 patients.
  • Several clinical and laboratory markers, including advanced age, elevated inflammatory markers, and pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, are significantly associated with increased mortality.
  • Early identification and management of these risk factors are essential for improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
ACSCOVID-19MyocarditisNSTE-ACSSTEMI

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