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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Investigating the neuroanatomy underlying proprioception using a stroke model.

Matthew J Chilvers1, Rachel L Hawe2, Stephen H Scott3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|October 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Proprioception deficits are linked to temporoparietal (TP) and insular brain regions, not just Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1). Right hemisphere damage showed more impairments, highlighting TP and insula

Keywords:
LateralisationLesion-analysisNeuroanatomyProprioceptionStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human proprioception
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Proprioception impairments are linked to brain damage beyond Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1).
  • Previous studies faced challenges in analyzing concurrent damage across multiple brain regions.
  • Temporoparietal (TP) regions and the insula are implicated in proprioception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of specific cortical and sub-cortical lesion combinations on proprioception.
  • To quantify proprioceptive impairments based on the damage and sparing of specific brain regions.
  • To explore the role of TP regions, insula, and S1 in proprioception.

Main Methods:

  • A targeted lesion analysis approach was used with 77 stroke survivors.
  • Participants were categorized into groups based on lesion locations (TP, S1, insula, or other).
  • Proprioception was assessed using robotic Arm Position Matching (APM) and Kinesthesia (KIN) tasks.

Main Results:

  • Proprioceptive impairments were more common with right hemisphere lesions compared to left.
  • Damage to TP regions correlated with poorer performance on APM and KIN tasks.
  • TP and insular lesions caused impairments even without concurrent S1 damage.

Conclusions:

  • Temporoparietal (TP) and insular regions are critical for accurate proprioception.
  • The right hemisphere plays a significant role in human proprioception.
  • Understanding the neuroanatomy of proprioception is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for neurological injuries.