Simulation of the Urban Space Thermal Environment Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Comprehensive Review

Rapid urbanization has made urban space thermal environment (USTE) problems increasingly prominent. USTE research is important for improving urban ecological environment and building energy consumption. Most studies on USTE research progress have focused on meteorological observations and remote sensing methods, and few studies on USTE are based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). During the past two decades, with the increasing applications of CFD in USTE research, comprehensively summarizing the phased results have become necessary tasks. This paper analyzes the current research status of CFD-based USTE simulation from six perspectives. First, we summarize the current research status of USTE simulation with CFD models that integrate ground observations and remote sensing technology. Second, we define and classify the spatial scope of CFD-based USTE simulations at different scales. Third, we systematically analyze the quantitative relationships among urban land type, the underlying surface structure, water bodies, green space and the corresponding changes in CFD-based USTE simulations. Fourth, we quantitatively analyze the impact of anthropogenic heat in CFD-based USTE simulations. Fifth, we summarize the corresponding USTE mitigation measures and methods based on the CFD simulation results. Finally, the outlooks and the existing problems in current research on CFD simulations of the USTE are analyzed.