Adamantinoma: An Updated Review

Adamantinoma is a biphasic tumor, with a low potential for malignancy, characterized by clusters of epithelial cells surrounded by a relatively bland spindle-cell osteofibrous component. The aim of the present study was to review the updated data regarding epidemiology; pathogenesis; clinical presentation; radiological, histopathological and ultrastructural findings; and treatment options of adamantinoma. In X-ray, it is usually seen as an eccentric and sometimes central, lobular, lytic lesion with sclerotic margins of overlapping radiolucency, and a characteristic 'soap-bubble' appearance. Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be the most appropriate examination for differential diagnosis between adamantinoma and other skeletal tumors. Histologically, adamantinoma is identified as classic adamantinoma or osteofibrous-like adamantinoma. Classic adamantinoma is classified into four patterns of growth: Basaloid, tubular, spindle cell, and squamous. The preferable treatment of this tumor type is en bloc resection within wide operative margins, which may include suspicious regional lymph nodes, with limb reconstruction and limb salvage.