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Adolescents with high peer victimization or aggression before COVID-19 showed smaller increases in depressive and anxious symptoms during the pandemic. This suggests negative peer experiences may buffer against pandemic-related mental health declines.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted adolescent mental health, increasing rates of depressive and anxious symptoms.
  • Pre-existing peer victimization and aggression are known risk factors for adolescent internalizing symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how peer victimization and aggression experienced by adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic influenced changes in their depressive and anxious symptoms from pre- to mid-pandemic.
  • To test the hypothesis that high pre-pandemic peer victimization or aggression would attenuate the increase in internalizing symptoms during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 96 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (average age 16.79 years).
  • Data collected at two time points: pre-pandemic (June 2019-Feb 2020) and mid-pandemic (May-July 2020).
  • Self-report measures assessed peer aggression, peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents, on average, reported an increase in anxious and depressive symptoms from pre- to mid-pandemic.
  • Adolescents with higher pre-pandemic peer victimization showed less positive change in anxious symptoms.
  • Adolescents with higher pre-pandemic aggression reported less positive change in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-pandemic peer victimization and aggression may act as a buffer against the negative mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Restrictions on in-person interactions during the pandemic might have reduced distress for adolescents previously experiencing negative peer relations.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between peer relationships and adolescent mental health in the context of major societal disruptions.