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Investigating patient outcomes and healthcare costs associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia
Rawan Abu Fadda1, Muayyad Ahmad2
1Al Mouwasat Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in ICUs, increasing patient suffering and costs. Reducing VAP incidence through staff training is crucial for better patient outcomes and shorter hospital stays.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Hospital Epidemiology
Background:
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent intensive care unit (ICU) infection.
- Many patients on mechanical ventilation develop VAP within 48 hours.
- VAP is linked to increased patient suffering, costs, and poorer outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between VAP and patient outcomes.
- To determine the impact of VAP on length of stay (LOS) and mortality.
- To compare outcomes between VAP and non-VAP patient groups.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional, observational study design.
- 151 mechanically ventilated patients (101 VAP, 50 non-VAP) in Jordanian ICUs.
- Assessment of APACHE-II, SOFA, and CPIS scores.
Main Results:
- VAP incidence rate was 50.9 per 1000 mechanical ventilation days.
- Patients with VAP had significantly longer hospital LOS and higher CPIS scores.
- Increased disease severity and organ failure scores correlated with higher mortality risk in VAP patients.
Conclusions:
- High VAP incidence is linked to prolonged mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stays, increased mortality, and costs.
- Effective VAP prevention strategies are essential.
- Continuous education and training for ICU staff can reduce VAP incidence.
Background:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most frequent infection seen in intensive care units. Of those patients with an endotracheal tube, many will develop ventilator-associated pneumonia within 48 hours of being mechanically ventilated. There are many issues related to mechanical ventilation including costs, patient outcomes and the amount of suffering patients experience during the process.
Aim:
To determine the relationship between development of ventilator-associated pneumonia and patient outcomes and costs, including length of stay on mechanical ventilation, in intensive care units (ICU) and in hospital, and mortality rates and to compare results between ventilator-associated pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated pneumonia groups.
Method:
Cross-sectional, observational design. A convenience sample of 151 patients on mechanical ventilation (101 with ventilator-associated pneumonia and 50 with non-ventilator-associated pneumonia) were recruited from ICUs in two public hospitals in Jordan. APACHE-II scores, SOFA scores and clinical pulmonary infection scores (CPIS) were assessed.
Results:
The incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 50.9/1000 mechanical ventilation days and the cumulative incidence rate was 66.9% among patients on mechanical ventilation. The mean score of hospital length of stay and CPIS was significantly higher in the ventilator-associated pneumonia than the non-ventilator-associated pneumonia group. Higher disease severity and higher organ failure scores increase the risk of mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Conclusion:
A high ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence rate is associated with increased mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stays, higher mortality and attributed costs. There is a need for continuing education and training for ICU staff to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence in ICUs.
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