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Dysregulation of complement system in HELLP syndrome.

Shi Chen1, Zheng Li1, Yingdong He1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.

Hypertension in Pregnancy
|October 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

HELLP syndrome shows significantly higher levels of complement activation factors C5a and sC5b-9 compared to severe preeclampsia. This suggests a more pronounced role of complement system activation in HELLP syndrome pathogenesis.

Keywords:
HELLP syndromecomplement systempathogenesispreeclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • HELLP syndrome is a severe pregnancy complication.
  • The complement system plays a role in inflammatory processes.
  • Understanding complement activation in HELLP syndrome is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of complement system activation factors in patients with HELLP syndrome.
  • To compare complement activation between HELLP syndrome, severe preeclampsia, and normal pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 16 HELLP syndrome patients, 32 severe preeclampsia patients, and 48 normal pregnancy controls.
  • Plasma levels of complement factors (C1q, C4d, MBL, Bb, C3a, C5a, sC5b-9) and angiogenic factors (s-Endoglin, sflt-1) were measured using ELISA.

Main Results:

  • Patients with HELLP syndrome exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of C5a (P < 0.01) and sC5b-9 (P = 0.014) compared to patients with severe preeclampsia.
  • Elevated levels of these complement activation markers indicate increased complement system activity in HELLP syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is abnormally activated in HELLP syndrome.
  • This abnormal activation is more significant in HELLP syndrome than in severe preeclampsia, suggesting a key role in its pathogenesis.