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MicroRNA Isoforms Contribution to Melanoma Pathogenesis.

Elisabetta Broseghini1, Emi Dika1,2, Eric Londin3

  • 1Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

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|October 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA variants called isomiRs are dysregulated in melanoma compared to benign nevi. This finding reveals specific isomiR patterns in cutaneous melanoma (CM) progression and metastasis.

Keywords:
TCGAisomiRmelanomanext generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in melanoma pathogenesis.
  • MicroRNA isoforms (isomiRs) represent a new layer of regulatory complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize miRNA and isomiR dysregulation in benign nevi (BN) and early-stage melanomas.
  • To analyze isomiR expression in primary melanoma versus metastasis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data.
  • To investigate the association of isomiR expression with NF1, BRAF, and NRAS mutations in melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for small-RNA expression.
  • Comparison of isomiR profiles between benign nevi and cutaneous melanoma.
  • Utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for melanoma metastasis analysis.

Main Results:

  • Benign nevi and melanoma exhibit distinct and specific isomiR expression profiles and abundance distributions.
  • IsomiRs derived from the same miRNA can display opposing expression trends between benign nevi and melanoma.
  • Differential expression of isomiRs was identified in primary melanoma and metastasis, with associations to specific mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Specific isomiRs are non-randomly dysregulated in cutaneous melanoma, contributing to disease pathogenesis.
  • IsomiR profiling offers insights into the complex molecular landscape of melanoma.
  • Identified isomiRs serve as potential biomarkers for further functional investigation and clinical application.