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Mechanisms of Lung Injury Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Samsara Upadhya1, Jalees Rehman2,3, Asrar B Malik2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|October 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This review details how SARS-CoV-2 causes lung injury through direct infection, inflammation, and immune responses. Understanding these mechanisms aids in developing new antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies for COVID-19 lung damage.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The lung is the primary organ affected by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to significant lung epithelial and endothelial cell damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multistep mechanisms of lung injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.
  • To review current therapeutic strategies, including antivirals and immunomodulators.
  • To provide an overview of models used for studying SARS-CoV-2 lung infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lung injury.
  • Analysis of direct viral effects, chemokine/cytokine-mediated damage, and immune cell involvement.
  • Systematic overview of experimental models for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 induces lung injury via direct viral infection of lung cells.
  • Inflammatory mediators (chemokines and cytokines) contribute significantly to lung damage.
  • Immune cell infiltration and activation exacerbate lung injury.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury is crucial for therapeutic development.
  • Targeting viral replication, inflammation, and immune responses offers potential strategies to mitigate lung damage.
  • Further research into effective antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies is warranted to combat COVID-19-related lung complications.
Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2lung injurylung organoidtherapeutics

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