Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glial Cells01:04

Glial Cells

90.4K
Overview
90.4K
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

4.8K
Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
4.8K
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

1.2K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
1.2K
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

3.7K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
3.7K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

924
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
924
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

49.8K
Overview
49.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Morphology, morphometry and bilateral asymmetry of the occipital condyles in a historical human skeletal collection.

Folia morphologica·2026
Same author

Cross-over accessory anterior belly of the digastric muscle: a rare anatomical variant with embryological background.

Folia morphologica·2026
Same author

Berengario da Carpi and the first printed neuroanatomical illustration drawn from nature: a short review and iconographic analysis.

Folia morphologica·2026
Same author

Trifurcation of the sciatic nerve. Short bifurcation of the common fibular nerve in the high gluteal region: a case study.

Folia morphologica·2026
Same author

Occipitalisation of the atlas: museological case-studies and review of population-based studies.

Folia morphologica·2026
Same author

Bilateral cervical ribs forming pseudoarthrosis with the first ribs co-occurring with an aberrant right subclavian artery.

Folia morphologica·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
09:19

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Published on: December 8, 2017

15.0K

Neuroglia - development and role in physiological and pathophysiological processes.

M Cichorek1, P Kowiański2, G Lietzau3

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Poland.

Folia Morphologica
|October 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Neuroglia, including astroglia, oligodendrocytes, NG2 glia, and microglia, play crucial roles in brain function and disorders. Recent advances reveal their complex contributions to neurogenesis, myelination, and homeostasis.

Keywords:
NG2 cellsastrocytesmicroglianeurovascular unitoligodendrocytes

More Related Videos

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions
08:00

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Published on: June 4, 2020

3.5K
Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration
08:52

Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration

Published on: January 10, 2018

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
09:19

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Published on: December 8, 2017

15.0K
Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions
08:00

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Published on: June 4, 2020

3.5K
Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration
08:52

Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration

Published on: January 10, 2018

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Neuroglia's role in brain physiology and pathology is increasingly recognized.
  • Modern techniques like single-cell analysis and advanced models have expanded our understanding.
  • Glia are essential for neuronal development, function, and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the development and function of diverse neuroglial cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • To highlight the critical roles of astroglia, oligodendrocytes, NG2 glia, and microglia in maintaining brain homeostasis and their involvement in neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of findings from single-cell techniques, in vivo, and in vitro models.

Main Results:

  • Astroglia are vital for brain homeostasis, immune response, and blood flow, and are involved in reactive gliosis.
  • Oligodendrocytes are key to myelination, cognitive processes, and memory; understanding demyelination mechanisms is crucial.
  • NG2 glia exhibit proliferative potential and synaptic connections, while microglia subsets and their ontogeny are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroglia are fundamental to CNS function, from development to disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate glial cell interactions, differentiation, and roles in neurological conditions.
  • Understanding these heterogeneous glial populations is essential for advancing neurobiology and developing therapeutic strategies.