Construction and application of human genetic resources in the China Kadoorie Biobank

China is facing a heavy burden of chronic diseases, so it is urgent to promote the relevant researches for early prevention of chronic diseases. Large population cohorts are one of the primary study designs for etiology evidence of chronic diseases, which are helpful to explore feasible intervention measures. Moreover, clarifying the genetic associations between risk factors and diseases from the genetic level of large population cohort can also open up a new way to the exploration of causality. This article aimed to introduce the study "China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB)" jointly carried out by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking University and University of Oxford, with emphasis on the construction progress of genetic resources and the recent published genetic studies, in order to provide reference for the in-depth mining and utilization of genetic resources in large population cohort in China.