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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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GSA-Human: Genome Sequence Archive for Human.

Si-Si Zhang1,2, Xu Chen1,2, Ting-Ting Chen1,2

  • 1China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|October 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Genome Sequence Archive for Human (GSA-Human) securely stores over 5.27 PB of human genetic data. It offers open and controlled access for biomedical research, adhering to national regulations.

Keywords:
GSA-Humandata sharingdata submissionomics data

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • The Genome Sequence Archive for Human (GSA-Human) is a specialized repository for human genetic data.
  • It supports national research initiatives and manages data from biomedical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the GSA-Human data repository.
  • To outline its data security management and access models.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a data security management strategy aligned with national regulations for human genetic resources.
  • Establishment of two data access models: Open-access and Controlled-access.

Main Results:

  • As of July 2021, GSA-Human houses over 5.27 petabytes (PB) of data.
  • The repository contains data from 750 distinct datasets.

Conclusions:

  • GSA-Human provides a secure and accessible platform for human genetic data.
  • It facilitates global biomedical research through diverse data access options.