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Dimethyl sulphoxide reduction by micro-organisms.

S H Zinder, T D Brock

    Journal of General Microbiology
    |April 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Microorganisms can transform dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) into dimethyl sulphide, with Escherichia coli extracts utilizing reduced pyridine nucleotides. Specific E. coli mutants affecting biotin sulphoxide reduction also showed altered DMSO reductase activity.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is a compound with potential biological relevance.
    • Understanding its microbial metabolism is crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the microbial reduction of DMSO.
    • To identify the enzymatic pathways and factors influencing DMSO reduction in Escherichia coli.

    Main Methods:

    • Testing DMSO reduction by diverse microorganisms (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, aerobes, anaerobes).
    • Analyzing cell-free extracts of E. coli with reduced pyridine nucleotides.
    • Evaluating the effect of other sulphoxides as inhibitors.
    • Assessing DMSO reduction in E. coli mutants deficient in biotin sulphoxide reduction (bisA-bisD loci).

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    Main Results:

    • A wide range of microorganisms reduced DMSO to dimethyl sulphide; dimethyl sulphone was not reduced.
    • E. coli extracts reduced DMSO using reduced pyridine nucleotides, with higher activity in anaerobically grown cells.
    • Methionine sulphoxide and tetramethylene sulphoxide inhibited DMSO reduction.
    • E. coli bis mutants exhibited reduced DMSO reductase activity, with bisA showing very low activity.
    • Bis mutants could grow on methionine sulphoxide, suggesting distinct enzyme systems for biotin and methionine sulphoxide reduction.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbial reduction of DMSO is widespread and involves reduced pyridine nucleotides in E. coli.
    • Specific E. coli gene loci (bisA-bisD) are involved in DMSO metabolism, though distinct from methionine sulphoxide reduction.
    • DMSO reduction may be mediated by multiple enzyme systems.