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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging.
Simone Garzon1, Vasso Apostolopoulos2, Lily Stojanovska2,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
|October 27, 2021
Summary
Urogenital aging, common after menopause due to estrogen loss, causes genitourinary syndrome. Local estrogen therapy is effective, but non-hormonal options like laser therapy show promise for managing these changes.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Menopause Research
- Aging
Background:
- Urogenital aging is a common consequence of post-menopausal estrogen deprivation.
- This leads to genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), impacting quality of life.
- GSM symptoms are chronic, do not resolve spontaneously, and recur upon treatment cessation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current management strategies for urogenital aging and GSM.
- To evaluate the efficacy of local estrogen therapy and alternative treatments.
- To identify promising non-hormonal therapies for reversing urogenital aging.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on urogenital aging and menopause management.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for various therapeutic interventions.
- Assessment of evidence for hormonal and non-hormonal treatments.
Main Results:
- Local estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment for urogenital aging and GSM symptoms.
- Non-hormonal therapies, including laser treatment, show potential but require further research.
- Other investigated options include Vitamin D/E, phytotherapy, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, electrical stimulation, vaginal oxytocin, dehydroepiandrosterone, and ospemifene.
Conclusions:
- Long-term management is crucial for urogenital aging and GSM.
- Local estrogen remains the gold standard, with non-hormonal therapies offering alternatives for specific cases.
- Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of emerging treatments like laser therapy.
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