[Investigations of Anorectal Function]

Investigations of Anorectal Function Abstract. Investigations of anorectal function allows measurement of anal sphincter pressure, evaluation of rectal sensitivity and verification of rectoanal reflexes, which are essential elements in the assessment of bowel emptying. It is combined with a balloon expulsion test to ensure that the manometric findings are consistent with anorectal function. These tests are used in the diagnostic work-up of chronic defecation disorders, constipation and faecal incontinence, but can also provide clarification in the pre- and post-operative setting, for functional anorectal pain and other disorders of pelvic floor function. Most patients referred for investigation of these symptoms require a comprehensive assessment of anorectal structure and function. Because of the high variability of normal values and complexity of anorectal function, no single examination provides all the information needed to make a symptom-explaining, conclusive diagnosis and influence treatment decisions. Anorectal manometry is useful to assess the extent of impairment of anorectal function and to differentiate between organic and functional disorders (including pelvic floor dyssynergia). A preceding detailed anamnesis as well as endoscopic (procto / rectoscopy) and imaging procedures (anorectal endosonography, dynamic MR defecography) complete the diagnostic investigation instead.