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Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Constructing a Stable Si-N-Enriched Interface Boosts Lithium Storage Kinetics in a Silicon-Based Anode.

Zhen Yang¹, Minxia Jiang¹, Xin Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|October 27, 2021

Summary

A novel silicon nitride-enriched N-doped carbon coating on silicon oxide (SiO) anodes stabilizes the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This enhances lithium-ion diffusion and improves battery cycling stability and performance.

Keywords:

Si−N-enriched charge-transfer kinetics lithium-ion batteries silicon oxide solid-electrolyte interphase

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Stable operation of silicon oxide (SiO) anodes is crucial for advanced batteries.
Unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces lead to fragile solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and capacity decay.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize the SEI film on SiO anodes by developing a Si-N-enriched N-doped carbon coating.
To enhance the interfacial chemistry and electrochemical performance of SiO anodes.

Main Methods:

Construction of a Si-N-enriched N-doped carbon coating on SiO yolk-shell nanospheres (SiO@NC).
Characterization of the SEI film properties and interfacial charge-transfer dynamics.
Evaluation of electrochemical performance, including cycling stability and charge/discharge capability.

Main Results:

The Si-N interface suppresses interfacial reactivity, promoting a thin SEI with accelerated ion diffusion.
The coating acts as a Li+ conductor, facilitating rapid Li+ diffusion within the SiO matrix.
Reduced interface charge-transfer and Li+ diffusion energy barriers were observed.

Conclusions:

The developed SiO@NC anode exhibits improved long-term cycling stability and rapid charge/discharge capability.
SEI characteristics are directly linked to interfacial transfer dynamics and lithium storage performance.
This work provides a basis for designing other high-performance electrode materials.