3 T: the good, the bad and the ugly

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging Physics

Background:

• Commercial 3 Tesla (T) MRI systems have been available for approximately 20 years.
• Initial adoption was driven by the promise of improved signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced sensitivity for susceptibility-based contrasts like blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advantages and disadvantages of 3 T MRI.
• To discuss methods for improving image quality at 3 T.
• To explain remaining challenges and safety concerns associated with 3 T MRI.

Main Methods:

• Review of underlying principles of 3 T MRI physics.
• Discussion of workarounds and mitigation strategies for identified issues.
• Analysis of benefits, limitations, and safety concerns.

Main Results:

• 3 T MRI offers theoretical benefits such as increased signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity for BOLD fMRI.
• Limitations include increased radiofrequency power deposition, altered tissue relaxation times, heightened artifacts, and greater safety concerns.
• Various techniques have been developed to mitigate these adverse effects.

Conclusions:

• 3 T MRI presents a complex profile of advantages and disadvantages inherent to its higher field strength.
• Ongoing research and technical development are crucial for optimizing 3 T MRI performance and safety.
• Addressing the 'ugly' aspects of 3 T MRI remains an active area of investigation in medical imaging.